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[????]- ↑ 25????????? "non-Urdu ???????" and 400 million Hindi languages per 2001 Indian census data, plus 11 million Urdu in 1993 Pakistan, adjusted to population growth till 2008
- ↑ non-native speakers of Standard Hindi, and Standard Hindi plus Urdu, according to SIL Ethnologue.
- ↑ Dhanesh Jain (2003). ??????-??????. Routledge. p. 251. ISBN 9780700711307.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????, ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????????. Source: Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction ????????????? 2025-08-06 at the ??????? ?????????
- ↑ "????? ????? ?????". Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ ???????????? ?????? ????
- ↑ Hindi (2005). ???? ??????? [in ????????] (ed.). ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? (2 ed.). Elsevier. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-08-044299-4.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
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- The Union: Official Language
- Official Unicode Chart for Devanagari (PDF)
- Web Hindi Resources
- Hindi-Hindi-Tamil-English Dictionary (Googe Book ; By R Rangarajan)
- ?????, ?????, ????????: ???? ???? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ????? ??????
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