????????

????????;
	???? 19??? ???????????? ???????, ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????
??????? ???? ???	???????
???????????	~1200 ??.?? ????? ????????
????	Left-to-right
???????????	??????? ??????? ???????
???????	??? ????? ???? ???????, ?????, ???????, ????????, ???????????, ????????
?????????? ??????? ???????
??? ???????	?????? ??????? ??????? ????????; ; ;
??????????? ???????	?????????
?????????? ???????	??????? ?????
??.?.?? 15924
??.?.?? 15924	Deva (315), ?Devanagari (Nagari)
?????????
????????? ?????????????	Devanagari
	?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? (IPA) ?????????? ??????????????? ?????. IPA ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????, ????:IPA ???????????. [ ], / / and ? ? ????? ???? ??????????????, ?.?.?.§???????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????.

百度作为2016年下半年安卓旗舰机型普遍采用的处理器，骁龙821在今天在性能方面无法与骁龙835/845相比，但总体而言并不弱。

???????? (Devanagari) ?????? ???????????, ?????, ???????, ????????, ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????, ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ????????????. ???????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? (????? "?") ??????????????, ???? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????????????? ????????. ????????, ??.?? 500 ???????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????????????. ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????????. ??.?? 2600 ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????. ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????.^[1]^[2]^[3]

???????? ??????? ????, ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? "???" ????????, ????? ???????? ?????????? "?????" ???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????????.

???????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????. ??????????????? ???????, ???????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????????. ???????? ??? ???????????????? ?????. ???? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????. ???????????? ??????????????????? ???? ?????, ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????.

????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????. ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????????????????????, ????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????. ???????? 34 ????????????????????? (????????), 12 ???????????????????? (??????) ???????????.

????????? ??????????????? transliterations^{[??????????????]} ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????. ITRANS ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??? lossless transliteration ??????????. ??? Usenet ??? ???????? ??????????????????????. ITRANS ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? "devanaagarii" ?? ???????????.

???????????? ???????????

???????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????????????. "?" ????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????????. "???????? ????????????????" ??????????? "????????????" ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????????. "??????? ????????" ?????, ????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????. "'?' ???? ?????" ??????? "??" ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????. "???????? ?????" ?????, ??????????????? ???????? specification ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????. "IPA" ????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????.

???????? ????????????????
???????	??????? ????????	[?] ???? ?????		???????? ?????	IPA
?		?	(pa)	A	?
?	?	??	(pā)	AA	ɑ
?	?	??	(pi)	I	?
?	?	??	(pī)	II	i
?	?	??	(pu)	U	?
?	?	??	(pū)	UU	u
?	?	??	(p?)	VOCALIC R	ri
?	?	??		VOCALIC RR
?	?	??		VOCALIC L
?	?	??		VOCALIC LL
?	?	??		CANDRA E
?	?	??		SHORT E
?	?	??	(pe)	E	e
?	?	??	(pai)	AI	?
?	?	??		CANDRA O
?	?	??		SHORT O
?	?	??	(po)	O	o
?	?	??	(pau)	AU	?

Other modifier symbols
Symbol	Symbol with [p]	Unicode name	Function
?	??	VIRAMA	Called halant; suppresses the inherent vowel.
?	??	CANDRABINDU	Nasalizes vowel
?	??	ANUSVARA	Nasalizes vowel
?	??	VISARGA	Adds voiceless breath after vowel
?	??	NUKTA	Used to indicate sounds borrowed from Persian (e.g., ph + nukta = f)
?	??	AVAGRAHA

When no vowel is written, 'a' is assumed. To specifically denote the absence of a vowel, a halant (also called virama) is used.

Devanagari consonants
Letter	Unicode name	Transliteration	IPA
?	KA	k	k
?	KHA	kh	k^h
?	GA	g	g
?	GHA	gh	g^?
?	NGA	?	?
?	CA	c	t?
?	CHA	ch	t?^h
?	JA	j	d?
?	JHA	jh	d?^?
?	NYA	?	?
?	TTA	?	? / ??
?	TTHA	?h	?^h / ??^h
?	DDA	?	? / ?
?	DDHA	?h	?^? / ?^?
?	NNA	?	?
?	TA	t	t?
?	THA	th	t?^h
?	DA	d	d?
?	DHA	dh	d?^?
?	NA	n	n?
?	PA	p	p
?	PHA	ph	p^h
?	BA	b	b
?	BHA	bh	b^?
?	MA	m	m
?	YA	y	j
?	RA	r	?
?	LA	l	l
?	LLA	?	?
?	VA	v	v
?	SHA	?	?
?	SSA	?	?
?	SA	s	s
?	HA	h	h

????????, ? ????????? ??????????????????????. ????????? ??????????? ????????????????????.

???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????????:

Devanagari numerals
?	0	?	1	?	2	?	3	?	4
?	5	?	6	?	7	?	8	?	9

???????????? ????????

???????????? ?????????? ????? U+0900 .. U+097F.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F

900

?

910

?

920

?

930

?

940

?

950

?

??

960

?

970

?

???????????????

Wikibooks

?????? ??????? , ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????:

Devanagari

IndiX, Indian language support for Linux ????????????? 2025-08-05 at the ??????? ?????????, a site by the Indian National Centre for Software Technology
Unicode Chart for Devanagari
On history of Indian writing ????????????? 2025-08-05 at the ??????? ?????????

???????????

↑ Taylor, Isaac (1883). History of the Alphabet: Aryan Alphabets, Part 2. Kegan Paul, Trench & Co. pp. 324, 333. ISBN 978-0-7661-5847-4. ??????????:Omission In the Kutila this develops into a short horizontal bar, which, in the Devanagari, becomes a continuous horizontal line ??????????:Omission three cardinal inscriptions of this epoch, namely, the Kutila or Bareli inscription of 992, the Chalukya or Kistna inscription of 945, and a Kawi inscription of 919 ??????????:Omission the Kutila inscription is of great importance in Indian epigraphy, not only from its precise date, but from its offering a definite early form of the standard Indian alphabet, the Devanagari ??????????:Omission
↑ Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian epigraphy: a guide to the study of inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan languages. South Asia research. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 39–41. ISBN 978-0-19-509984-3.
↑ Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (January/February 2000): 21.

[taylor2003-1] Taylor, Isaac (1883). History of the Alphabet: Aryan Alphabets, Part 2. Kegan Paul, Trench & Co. pp. 324, 333. ISBN 978-0-7661-5847-4. ??????????:Omission In the Kutila this develops into a short horizontal bar, which, in the Devanagari, becomes a continuous horizontal line ??????????:Omission three cardinal inscriptions of this epoch, namely, the Kutila or Bareli inscription of 992, the Chalukya or Kistna inscription of 945, and a Kawi inscription of 919 ??????????:Omission the Kutila inscription is of great importance in Indian epigraphy, not only from its precise date, but from its offering a definite early form of the standard Indian alphabet, the Devanagari ??????????:Omission

[2] Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian epigraphy: a guide to the study of inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan languages. South Asia research. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 39–41. ISBN 978-0-19-509984-3.

[3] Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (January/February 2000): 21.

[1]

[2]

[3]

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