?????? ??????

Formic acid
Skeletal structure of formic acid	3D model of formic acid
????????
	??????????????? ???????? ????? Formic acid
	??????? ???????? ????? Methanoic acid
	???? ???????? Carbonous acid; Formylic acid; Hydrogen carboxylic acid; Hydroxy(oxo)methane; Metacarbonoic acid; Oxocarbinic acid; Oxomethanol
?????????????
?????? ???	64-18-6
ChEBI	CHEBI:30751
ChEMBL	ChEMBL116736
ChemSpider	278
DrugBank	DB01942
EC number	200-579-1
	InChI InChI=1S/HCOOH/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3) ; Key: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/HCOOH/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3); Key: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYAT;
????? -3D ?????????	Image
KEGG	C00058
???????	284
??.?.??.? ???	LQ4900000
	SMILES O=CO;
UNII	0YIW783RG1
????????
????????? ????????	CH2O2
???????????? ???	46.03 g·mol?1
???????	Colorless fuming liquid
????	Pungent, penetrating
????????	1.220 g/mL
?????????	8.4 °C (47.1 °F; 281.5 K)
????????	100.8 °C (213.4 °F; 373.9 K)
?????? ????????	Miscible
????????	Miscible with ????, ?????????, ??????? ???????????, ?????????, ?????????, ???????? ; Partially soluble in ????????, ????????, xylenes
??. P	?0.54
???????????	35 mmHg (20 °C)
??????????? ??? (pKa)	3.77
????? ???????????? (χ)	-19.90·10?6 cm3/mol
????????? ???????? (nD)	1.3714 (20 °C)
??????????	1.57 cP at 268 °C
??????????
	????????? ??????
????????? ?????????? (Dipole moment)	1.41 D (gas)
??????????????
Std enthalpy of; formation ΔfHo298	?425.0 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of; combustion ΔcHo298	?254.6 kJ/mol
???? ?????? ; ??????????? So298	131.8 J/mol K
?????????
?????????? ??????????????	Corrosive; irritant;; sensitizer
?????? ?????????? ???????? ????	JT Baker
R-????????????	R10 R35
S-????????????	(S1/2) S23 S26 S45
??????????? ?????????	69 °C (156 °F; 342 K)
Autoignition; temperature	601 °C (1,114 °F; 874 K)
?????????? ?????????	14 – 34%[?????? ????]; 18% – 57% (90% solution)
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (Median dose)	700 mg/kg (mouse, oral), 1100 mg/kg (rat, oral), 4000 mg/kg (dog, oral)
LC50 (Median concentration)	7853 ppm (rat, 15 min); 3246 ppm (mouse, 15 min)
	???????? ??????? ????? ?????????:
??????????????? ??????	TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3)
?????????????????? ??????	TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3)
????? ??????	30 ppm
	???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????; ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? (25°C, 100kPa) ?????????. verify (??? ?) ?????????? ???????????

百度 “我本想年底是出游淡季，可今天的旅游市场，哪还有明显的淡季？”侯闰川说。

???????? ?????? (Formic acid) ?????? ??? ??? ?????????????? ??????????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????????????; ???? ???? ???????? HCOOH ?????? CH₂O₂. ????????????, ?????????, ???????????????? ???? ?????? ??????; ??? ????, ???????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????^[5].

???????????

'??????????????????' ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? 1791?? ???????????????? ???????? ???? ????^[6].

p to ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????, ??? ??? ????????, ??? ????????????? [5] ????????? ?????????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????. ?????????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ????????-????????????? ?????????? ???????????. [6] [7] ????????-????????, ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????????. [7] ?????? ????????? ?????? (?????? ????????????) ????????-?????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????. ???? ????????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? (22.4%) ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? super-boiling azeotrope ??????????????.

???????????

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 745. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0296". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
↑ Brown, H. C. et al., in Braude, E. A. and Nachod, F. C., Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods, Academic Press, New York, 1955.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 "Formic acid". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 4 December 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
↑ "Formic acid". McGill School of Computer Science. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
↑ "formic". etymonline. Retrieved 31 ?? 2022.

[iupac2013-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 745. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.

[PGCH-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0296". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[3] Brown, H. C. et al., in Braude, E. A. and Nachod, F. C., Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods, Academic Press, New York, 1955.

[IDLH-4] 4.0 ^4.1 "Formic acid". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 4 December 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2015.

[5] "Formic acid". McGill School of Computer Science. Retrieved 31 May 2022.

[6] "formic". etymonline. Retrieved 31 ?? 2022.

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[2]

[3]

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[5]

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