???? ???????????? ????????

百度　　三是用手摸　　用手摸票面有明显的凹凸感，假钞通常用金属钝器压印而成，不会产生凹凸感。

???? ???????????? ???????? (?.??.??.), ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? (Human Development Index, HDI) ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????. ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????????, ??????????, ??????? ?????? ?????, ??????????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????, ??????? ????????, ????? ???????? (?????????? ?????????? ?????), ???-???? ????????, ?????????, ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????????, ??? ????????? ??????????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????.

2010 ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????????????? (IHDI - Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index). ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????, ???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ???????????^[2]

?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (developed countries), ????????????? ??????? (developing countries), ?????????????? ??????? (undeveloped countries) ????? ???????????????????. ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????^[3]. ?????? ????????????? 1990 ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????????????????^[4].

2019 ??? ????? ????????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? 72 ???? ??????????, ??????? 131

???? ?????????? ?????

???? ?????????? ??????? - 2019

2019-??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????????, ??????? 129-??? ???????? ??????.^[5]^[6]

???? ?????????? ??????? - 2018

?????? ????????? ???????????/?????????? ??????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????, 2018 ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ???? ????? ?????? 15 ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????????. 189 ????????????, 2017 ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????? 2018, ?????????? 14 ??? ???? ???????????????^[7]

????????:

????? ??????????? (

), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ????????? (

) ????? 2016 ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, 2018 ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????.

??????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????, 2016 ??? ??????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ????????????? ?????????????.

???????		????	?.??.??
2018 ??? ???????????? 2017 ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????	2018 ??? ????????????????, 2016 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????	????	2018 ??? ???????????? 2017 ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????	2018 ??? ????????????????, 2016 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ^[8]
1		??????	0.953	0.002
2		???????????????	0.944	0.001
3		???????????	0.939	0.001
4		??????????	0.938	0.004
5	▼ (1)	???????	0.936	0.002
6		?????????	0.935	0.002
7	(1)	???????	0.933	0.003
7		???????	0.933	0.001
9	▼ (1)	???????????	0.932	0.002
10		???????????	0.931	0.003
11	▼ (1)	??????????	0.929	0.001
12		????	0.926	0.004
13	▼ (1)	?????? ?????????	0.924	0.002
14		?????? ??????????	0.922	0.002
15		??????????	0.920	0.002
16		????????????	0.917	0.002
17	▼ (1)	?????????	0.916	0.001
17	▼ (1)	??????????????	0.916	0.001
19		???????	0.909	0.002
20		?????????	0.908	0.002
21		???????????	0.904	0.001
22		???????	0.903	0.001
22	(1)	???? ??????	0.903	0.003
24		????????	0.901	0.002
25		??????????	0.896	0.002
26		???????????	0.891	0.002
27		???? ????????	0.888	0.003
28		???????	0.880	0.002
29		????????	0.878	0.003
30		???????????	0.871	0.003

???????		????	?.??.??
2018 ??? ???????????? 2017 ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ^[8]	2018 ??? ????????????????, 2016 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????^[8]	????	2018 ??? ???????????? 2017 ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ^[8]	2018 ??? ????????????????, 2016 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ^[8]
31	▼ (1)	??????? ????	0.870	0.002
32		?????????	0.869	0.002
33	(1)	???????	0.865	0.005
34	▼ (1)	?????? ???? ???????	0.863	0.001
35		???????	0.858	0.002
35	(1)	????????????	0.858	0.003
37	▼ (1)	???????	0.856	0.001
38	(1)	???????????	0.855	0.002
39	(1)	??????	0.853	0.001
39	▼ (1)	????? ???????	0.853	▼ 0.001
41	(2)	????????	0.847	0.003
42	(1)	???????????	0.847	0.002
43	▼ (2)	???????	0.846
44		????	0.843	0.001
45		???????	0.838	0.003
46		??????????	0.831	0.003
47		???????????	0.825	0.003
48	▼ (1)	?????	0.821	▼ 0.001
49		???????	0.816	0.001
50		????????????	0.814	0.004
51	▼ (1)	?????????	0.813	0.003
52		?????????	0.811	0.004
53	(1)	???????	0.808	0.003
54	▼ (1)	??????	0.807	0.001
55	(1)	???????	0.804	0.002
56	▼ (1)	??????	0.803	▼ 0.001
57		???????	0.802	0.003
58	▼ (1)	?????????	0.800	0.001
58	(2)	???????????	0.800	0.003

???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ????????

???????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ????????^[8] ?????? "???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????, ??? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????" ?????.

????????:

????? ??????????? (), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ????????? () ????? 2016 ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, 2018 ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????.
?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????????. ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????????????.

????????? 0.878
??????? 0.876
?????? 0.876
??????????????? 0.871
?????????? 0.868
??????? 0.864
??????? 0.861
??????????? 0.861
?????????? 0.860
??????????? 0.857
?????????? 0.854
???? 0.852
???????????? 0.846
?????????? 0.846
???? ???????? 0.840
????????? 0.836
?????? ?????????? 0.835
????????? 0.835
??????????? 0.816
??????????? 0.811
??????? 0.809
???????? 0.808
???????? 0.805
??????????? 0.797
?????? ????????? 0.797
??????????? 0.794
??????? 0.787
??????? 0.787
???? ?????? 0.773
??????? 0.773
??????? 0.771
????????? 0.769
???????? 0.759
???????????? 0.757
?????????? 0.756
??????? 0.755
??????????? 0.754
??????? ???? 0.753
???????????? 0.741
??????? 0.738
??????????? 0.737
??????????? 0.732
????????? 0.717
????????? 0.710
???? 0.710
??????????? 0.707
????? 0.707
????????? 0.706
??????? 0.701
??????? 0.689
????????? 0.683
?????????? 0.682
?????????? 0.681
????????? 0.680
????????? 0.669

????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????:????????, ??????????????, ????? ???????, ?????? ???? ???????, ???????, ???????, ??????, ???????, ?????, ???????, ??????, ???????.

???? ?????????? ??????? - 2016

?????? ????????? ???????????/?????????? ??????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????, 2016 ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ???? ????? ?????? 14 ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????????^[9]^[10]. 2015 ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????? 2016, ?????? 21 ??? ???? ??????????, ?????????, ???????????????^[11].

????????:

????? ??????????? (

), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ????????? (

) ????? 2015 ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, 2016 ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????.

??????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????, 2015 ??? ??????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ????????????? ?????????????.

???????		????	?.??.??
2016 ??? ???????????? 2015 ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ^[9]	2016 ??? ????????????????, 2015 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????^[9]	????	2016 ??? ???????????? 2015 ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ^[12]	2016 ??? ????????????????, 2015 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ^[9]
1		??????	0.949	0.001
2		???????????	0.939	0.002
2	(1)	???????????????	0.939	0.001
4	(2)	???????	0.926	0.01
5	▼ (1)	??????????	0.925	0.002
5	(6)	???????????	0.925	0.001
7	▼ (2)	???????????	0.924	0.001
8	▼ (2)	??????????	0.923	0.003
9	(7)	?????????	0.921	0.002
10	▼ (1)	????	0.920	0.001
10	▼ (2)	?????? ?????????	0.920	0.003
12		???????	0.917	0.001
13	▼ (4)	????????????	0.915	0.002
14		???????	0.913	0.004
15	▼ (2)	??????????????	0.912	0.001
16	▼ (2)	?????? ??????????	0.909	0.001
17	(3)	???????	0.903	0.001
18	▼ (1)	???? ??????	0.901	0.002
19	▼ (1)	???????	0.899	0.001
20	▼ (1)	???????????	0.898	0.004
21	(1)	????????	0.897	0.003
22	▼ (1)	?????????	0.896	0.001
23	(1)	??????????	0.895	0.002
24	▼ (1)	?????????	0.893	0.001
25		??????????	0.890	0.002

???????		????	?.??.??
2016 ??? ???????????? 2015 ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ^[9]	2016 ??? ????????????????, 2015 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????^[9]	????	2016 ??? ???????????? 2015 ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ^[12]	2016 ??? ????????????????, 2015 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ^[9]
26	(1)	???????	0.887	0.006
27	▼ (1)	???????????	0.884	0.002
28		???? ????????	0.878	0.003
29		??????? ????	0.866	0.001
30	(1)	??????	0.865	0.001
30		???????????	0.865	0.002
32	(2)	???????	0.858	0.001
33	▼ (1)	?????????	0.856	0.002
33	(4)	????????	0.856	0.003
33	▼ (1)	???????	0.856	0.001
36		???????	0.855	0.003
37		????????????	0.848	0.002
38	(4)	????	0.847	0.002
38	(1)	????? ???????	0.847	0.002
40	▼ (5)	???????????	0.845	0.003
41	(2)	???????????	0.843	0.002
42	▼ (1)	?????? ???? ???????	0.840	0.004
43	(1)	???????	0.836	0.002
44	(2)	????????	0.830	0.002
45	▼ (5)	???????????	0.827	0.001
45	(2)	??????????	0.827	0.004
47	▼ (2)	???????	0.824	0.001
48	(1)	????????????	0.807	0.003
49	(1)	???????	0.804	0.001
50	(2)	?????????	0.802	0.002
51	▼ (3)	??????	0.800	0.001

???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ????????

???????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ????????^[9] ?????? "???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????, ??? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????" ?????.

????????:

????? ??????????? (), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ????????? () ????? 2014 ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, 2015 ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????.
?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????????. ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????????????.

?????? 0.898
????????? 0.868
??????????? 0.861
??????????? 0.861
??????? 0.859
??????????????? 0.859
?????????? 0.858
??????? 0.851
?????????? 0.850
?????????? 0.843
???? 0.839
?????????? 0.838
?????? ?????????? 0.836
???? ???????? 0.830
??????????? 0.827
????????? 0.821
????????? 0.815
???????? 0.813
?????? ????????? 0.796
??????????? 0.793
??????? 0.791
??????????? 0.791
??????????? 0.788
???????? 0.786
??????? 0.784
??????? 0.778
??????? 0.774
??????? 0.771
????????? 0.762
???????????? 0.759
??????? ???? 0.758
??????????? 0.755
???? ?????? 0.753
?????????? 0.752
???????? 0.742
???????????? 0.736
??????? 0.725
????????? 0.714
??????????? 0.698
???? 0.692

????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????:????????????, ???????????, ???????, ?????????????, ??????, ???????, ????? ???????, ???????, ?????? ???? ???????, ???????, ??????.

???? ?????????? ??????? - 2015

?????? ????????? ???????????/?????????? ??????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????, 2015 ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ???? ????? ?????? 13 ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????????^[12]^[13]. 2014 ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????? 2015, ???????? 14 ??? ???? ????? ?????, ?????????????????, ???????????????^[14].

????????:

????? ??????????? (

), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ????????? (

) ????? 2014 ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, 2015 ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????.

??????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????, 2014 ??? ??????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ????????????? ?????????????.

???????		????	?.??.??
2015 ??? ???????????? 2014 ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ^[12]	2015??? ????????????????, 2014 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????^[12]	????	2015 ??? ???????????? 2014 ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ^[12]	2015 ??? ????????????????, 2014 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ^[12]
1		??????	0.944	0.002
2		???????????	0.935	0.002
3		???????????????	0.930	0.002
4		??????????	0.923
5		???????????	0.922	0.002
6		???????	0.916	0.001
6	(2)	??????????	0.916	0.004
8	▼ (1)	?????? ?????????	0.915	0.002
9	▼ (1)	????	0.913	0.001
9	(1)	????????????	0.913	0.002
11		???????????	0.912	0.003
12		???????	0.910	0.002
13		??????????????	0.908	0.001
14		???????	0.907	0.002
14	(1)	?????? ??????????	0.907	0.005
16		?????????	0.899
17		???? ??????	0.898	0.003
18		???????	0.894	0.001
19		???????????	0.892	0.002
20	▼ (1)	???????	0.891	0.001
21		?????????	0.890	0.002
22		????????	0.888	0.001
23		?????????	0.885	0.001
24		??????????	0.883	0.001
25		??????????	0.880	0.001
26		???????????	0.876	0.002
27		???????	0.873
28		???? ????????	0.870	0.002
29		??????? ????	0.865	0.002
30		???????????	0.861	0.002
31		??????	0.856	0.004
32		?????????	0.850
32	(1)	???????	0.850	0.001
34		???????	0.845	0.001
35	(1)	???????????	0.844	0.005
36	▼ (1)	???????	0.843	0.003
37		????????????	0.839	0.002
37		????????	0.839	0.002
39		????? ???????	0.837	0.001
40		???????????	0.836	0.003
41	▼ (1)	?????? ???? ???????	0.835	0.002
42		????	0.832	0.002
43		???????????	0.830	0.002
44		???????	0.828	0.003
45		???????	0.824	0.003
46	(1)	????????	0.819	0.003
47	▼ (1)	??????????	0.818	0.001
48	▼ (1)	??????	0.816
49		????????????	0.802	0.001

???? ?????????? ??????? - 2014

?????? ????????? ???????????/?????????? ??????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????, 2014 ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ???? ????? ?????? 12 ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ^[15]. 2013 ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????? 2014, ???? 24 ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????????????^[16].

????????:

????? ??????????? (

), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ????????? (

) ????? 2013 ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, 2014 ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????.

??????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????, 2013 ??? ??????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ????????????? ?????????????.

???????		????	?.??.??.
2014 ??? ???????????? 2013 ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ^[15]	2014??? ????????????????, 2013 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ^[15]	????	2014 ??? ???????????? 2013 ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ^[15]	2014??? ????????????????, 2013 ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ^[15]
1		??????	0.944	0.001
2		???????????	0.933	0.002
3		???????????????	0.917	0.001
4		???????????	0.915
5		?????? ?????????	0.914	0.002
6		???????	0.911
7		????????????	0.910	0.002
8		????	0.902	0.001
9	(3)	???????????	0.901	0.003
10		??????????	0.900
11	▼ (3)	??????????	0.899	▼ 0.002
12	▼ (1)	???????	0.898	0.001
13		?????????	0.895	0.002
14		?????? ??????????	0.892	0.002
15		???????	0.891	0.002
15	(1)	???? ??????	0.891	0.003
17	▼ (1)	???????	0.890	0.002
18	▼ (2)	??????????????	0.889	0.001
19		???????	0.888	0.002
20		????????	0.884
21		?????????	0.881	0.001
21		?????????	0.881	0.001
21		???????????	0.881	0.001
24		??????????	0.879
25		??????????	0.874
26		???????	0.872
27		???????????	0.869
28		???? ????????	0.861
29		??????? ????	0.853	▼ 0.001
30		??????	0.852
31		???????	0.851	0.001
32		?????????	0.845	▼ 0.003
33		???????????	0.840	0.001
34		????? ???????	0.836	0.003
35	(1)	????????????	0.834	0.003
35	▼ (1)	???????	0.834	0.001
37		???????	0.830
37	(1)	???????????	0.830	0.001
39		????????	0.829	0.002
40		?????? ???? ???????	0.827	0.002
41	(1)	????	0.822	0.003
41		???????????	0.822
43		???????	0.818	0.001
44		???????	0.815	0.002
45		??????	0.815	0.002
46	▼ (2)	??????	0.814	0.001
47		??????????	0.812
48		????????	0.810	0.002
49		???????????	0.808	0.003

???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ????????

???????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ????????^[15] ?????? "???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????, ??? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????" ?????.

????????:

????? ??????????? (), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ????????? () ????? 2013 ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, 2014 ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????.
?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????????. ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????????????.

?????? 0.891 ()
??????????? 0.860 ()
??????????? 0.854 ( 1)
??????????????? 0.847 ( 3)
??????? 0.846 ()
????????? 0.843 ( 2)
??????? 0.840 (▼ 4)
?????????? 0.838 ( 1)
???? 0.833 ( 4)
?????????? 0.832 (▼ 4)
?????????? 0.830 ()
?????????? 0.824 (▼ 2)
????????? 0.818 (▼ 1)
??????????? 0.814 ( 3)
???? ???????? 0.813 (▼ 1)
?????? ?????????? 0.812 ( 3)
????????? 0.806 (▼ 2)
???????? 0.804 ()
??????? 0.799 (New)
??????? 0.793 ( 1)
??????????? 0.778 ( 1)
??????????? 0.775 (▼ 2)
??????? 0.768 ( 1)
??????????? 0.767 ( 1)
??????? ???? 0.762 ( 2)
???????? 0.760 (▼ 3)
??????? 0.757 (▼ 1)
?????? ????????? 0.755 (▼ 12)
??????? 0.751 ( 1)
????????? 0.752 (▼ 1)
???????????? 0.746 ( 2)
??????????? 0.739 ()
???? ?????? 0.736 (▼ 5)
???????? 0.725 ( 1)
?????????? 0.721 ( 4)
??????????? 0.680 ( 7)
???? 0.661 ( 4)

????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????:????????????, ???????????, ???????, ?????????????, ??????, ???????, ????? ???????, ???????, ?????? ???? ???????, ???????, ??????, ??????.

?????????? ????????????? ???????

???????? ???????????, ??? ??????? ???????????????????????. ??????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. 2014 ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????:^[15] ????????, ??????? ???????, ????????, ?????, ???? ?????, ????????, ?????? ??????, ??????.

???? ?????????? ??????? - 2013

?????? ????????? ???????????/?????????? ??????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????, 2013 ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ???? ????? ?????? 11 ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????????. 2012 ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????? 2013, ?????? 14 ??? ???? ???????????????.^[17]

????????: ????? ??????????? (), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ????????? () ????? 2011 ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, 2012 ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????.

?????? 0.955 ()
??????????? 0.938 ()
?????? ????????? 0.937 ( 1)
??????????? 0.921 (▼ 1)
??????? 0.920 ( 4)
???????????? 0.919 (▼ 1)
?????????? 0.916 ()
??????? 0.916 ( 3)
??????????????? 0.913 ( 2)
??????? 0.912 ( 2)
???? 0.911 (▼ 5)
???? ?????? 0.909 ( 3)
??????? 0.906 ()
????????? 0.906 ()
?????????? 0.901 ( 1)
??????? 0.900 ( 1)
????????? 0.897 ( 1)
????????? 0.895 ( 1)
??????????? 0.895 ( 7)
???????? 0.893 ()
?????????? 0.892 ( 1)
?????????? 0.892 (▼ 1)
??????????? 0.885 ()
?????????????? 0.883 (▼ 16)
??????? 0.881 (▼ 1)
??????????? 0.875 (▼ 1)
?????? ?????????? 0.875 ( 1)
???? ???????? 0.873 (▼ 1)
??????? ???? 0.860 ()
?????? 0.855 ( 1)
????????? 0.848 (▼ 1)
???????? 0.847 ( 4)
??????????? 0.846 ()
??????? 0.846 (▼ 1)
??????????? 0.840 ()
??????? 0.834 ( 1)
??????? 0.831 ( 1)
????????? 0.825 ( 9)
??????? 0.821 ()
???? 0.819 ( 4)
???????????? 0.818 (▼ 1)
?????? ???? ??????? 0.818 (▼ 12)
??????????? 0.816 (▼ 2)
???????? 0.814 (▼ 1)
??????????? 0.811 ()
???????? 0.806 ( 6)
?????????? 0.805 (▼ 1)

???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ????????

????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????^[17].

????????: ????? ??????????? (), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ????????? () ????? 2011 ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, 2012 ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????.

?????? 0.894 ()
??????????? 0.864 ()
??????? 0.859 ( 3)
??????????? 0.857 ()
??????? 0.856 ()
?????????? 0.850 ()
??????????????? 0.849 ( 1)
????????? 0.848 ( 3)
?????????? 0.845 ( 3)
?????????? 0.840 ( 7)
?????????? 0.839 ( 6)
????????? 0.837 ( 3)
???? 0.832 (▼ 4)
???? ???????? 0.826 ( 9)
????????? 0.825 (▼ 1)
?????? ????????? 0.821 (▼ 13)
??????????? 0.813 ( 4)
???????? 0.812 (▼ 2)
?????? ?????????? 0.802 ( 2)
??????????? 0.796 (▼ 1)
??????? 0.790 (▼ 8)
??????????? 0.788 ( 6)
???????? 0.778 ( 3)
??????? 0.776 (▼ 4)
??????????? 0.770 ( 2)
??????? 0.769 ( 3)
??????? ???? 0.760 (▼ 3)
???? ?????? 0.758 (▼ 18)
????????? 0.751 (▼ 4)
??????? 0.740 ()
???????????? 0.733 ( 8)
??????????? 0.729 ( 1)
???????????? 0.727 (▼ 1)
??????? 0.727 ( 3)
???????? 0.726 (▼ 1)
????????? 0.704 ( 5)

???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????: ????????????, ????, ???????, ???????, ???????????, ????? ????????, ?????????????, ??????, ???????, ???????, ?????????, ?????? ???? ???????, ????????.

???? ?????????? ??????? - 2011

?????? ????????? ???????????/?????????? ??????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????, 2011 ??? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????. 2011 ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? 2011 ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????? 2011, ??????? 2 ??? ???? ???????????????^[18]

????????: ????? ??????????? (), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ????????? () ????? 2010 ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, 2011 ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????.

?????? 0.943 ()
??????????? 0.929 ()
??????????? 0.910 ( 4)
?????? ????????? 0.910 ()
???????????? 0.908 (▼ -2)
???? 0.908 ( 2)
?????????? 0.908 (▼ -2)
?????????????? 0.905 (▼ -2)
??????? 0.905 ( 1)
??????? 0.904 (▼ -1)
??????????????? 0.903 ( 2)
??????? 0.901 (▼ -1)
??????? 0.898 ( 8)
????????? 0.898 (▼ -3)
???? ?????? 0.897 (▼ -3)
?????????? 0.895 ( 3)

??????? 0.888 (▼ -2)
????????? 0.886 ()
????????? 0.885 ( 6)
???????? 0.884 (▼ -6)
?????????? 0.884 ( 8)
?????????? 0.882 (▼ -6)
??????????? 0.878 (▼ -3)
??????? 0.874 (▼ -1)
??????????? 0.867 (▼ -1)
??????????? 0.866 ( 1)
???? ???????? 0.865 ( 1)
?????? ?????????? 0.863 (▼ -2)
??????? ???? 0.861 (▼ -7)
?????? ???? ??????? 0.846 ( 2)
????????? 0.840 ( 4)
??????? 0.838 (▼ -2)

?????? 0.838 ( 4)
??????????? 0.835 ()
??????????? 0.834 (▼ -4)
???????? 0.832 (▼ -3)
??????? 0.831 ( 1)
??????? 0.816 (▼ -2)
??????? 0.813 ( 2)
???????????? 0.810 ( 4)
??????????? 0.809 (▼ -1)
??????? 0.806 (▼ -3)
???????? 0.805 ( 5)
???? 0.805 ( 1)
??????????? 0.797 ( 1)
?????????? 0.796 ( 5)
????????? 0.793 (▼ -5)

?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? (UNDP ???? ?????????????????)

????? ???????? (????????) 0.882 (???????????????????????????? 22 ???? ?????????? ?????????????.)^[18]

???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ????????

????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????.^[18] ????????: ????? ??????????? (), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ????????? () ????? 2010 ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, 2011 ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????.

?????? 0.890 ()
??????????? 0.856 ()
??????? 0.851 ( 5)
??????????? 0.846 (▼ 1)
????????? 0.845 ( 5)
?????????? 0.843 ()
??????? 0.842 ()
?????????? 0.842 ( 4)
??????????????? 0.840 ()
?????????? 0.837 ( 7)
?????????? 0.833 ( 7)
???? 0.829 (▼ 7)

???? ???????? 0.821 ( 9)
????????? 0.820 ( 1)
????????? 0.819 (▼ 1)
???????? 0.804 ()
??????????? 0.799 ( 2)
??????????? 0.799 ( 3)
?????? ?????????? 0.791 ( 4)
??????????? 0.787 ( 7)
??????? 0.779 (▼ 8)
??????? 0.779 (▼ 2)
?????? ????????? 0.771 (▼ 19)
??????????? 0.769 ( 2)

??????? 0.759 ( 3)
??????? ???? 0.756 (▼ 2)
????????? 0.755 (▼ 2)
???? ?????? 0.749 (▼ 17)
??????? 0.734 ()
???????????? 0.730 ()
??????????? 0.726 ()
???????????? 0.718 ( 7)
???????? 0.717 (▼ 1)
???????? 0.694 ( 9)
??????? 0.693 ( 10)

???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????: ????????????, ?????????????, ???????, ????????, ???????????, ????? ???????? (????????), ?????? ???? ???????, ???????, ??????, ??????, ???????, ?????????, ????, ??????????? ??????? ?????????.

?????????? ??????????? ???????

?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????????. ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????????????^[18]: ?? ??????, ??????? ???????, ??????, ?????, ???? ??????, ????????, ??????.

???? ?????????? ??????? - 2010

2010 ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????/?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????, ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ?????????, ??????? 4 2010 ??? ????????????? ???????. ???? ?????????????????????? ??????? "??? ???? ???????????" ???????????:^[2]

?????? 0.938 ()
??????????? 0.937 ()
???????????? 0.907 ( 17)
?????? ????????? 0.902 ( 9)
?????????? 0.895 ()
?????????????? 0.891 ( 13)
??????????? 0.890 (▼ 1)
???? 0.888 (▼ 4)
??????? 0.885 (▼ 2)
??????? 0.885 ( 12)
??????? 0.884 (▼ 1)
???? ?????? 0.877 ( 14)
??????????????? 0.874 (▼ 4)
???????? 0.872 (▼ 6)

??????? 0.872 ( 12)
?????????? 0.871 (▼ 4)
????????? 0.869 (▼ 14)
????????? 0.867 (▼ 1)
?????????? 0.866 (▼ 3)
??????????? 0.863 (▼ 5)
??????? 0.862 ( 3)
??????? ???? 0.855 ( 3)
??????? 0.854 (▼ 5)
??????????? 0.852 (▼ 13)
????????? 0.851 (▼ 11)
?????? ?????????? 0.849 (▼ 5)
??????????? 0.846 (▼ 5)
???? ???????? 0.841 ( 8)

?????????? 0.828 ()
??????? 0.824 (▼ 2)
??????????? 0.818 ( 11)
?????? ???? ??????? 0.815 ( 3)
???????? 0.815 ( 5)
??????????? 0.812 ( 6)
????????? 0.810 (▼ 3)
??????? 0.805 ( 7)
?????? 0.805 (▼ 7)
??????? 0.803 (▼ 5)
??????? 0.801 ()
??????????? 0.795 (▼ 6)
??????? 0.795 ()
????????? 0.788 (▼ 5)

???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ????????

2010 ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????. ????????, ????? ?????????????, ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????????. ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???????????.^[2]

????? ??????????? (), ??????? ??????????? (▼), ??????? ????????? () ????? 2010?? ??????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????.

?????? 0.938 ()
??????????? 0.864 ()
??????? 0.824 ( 6)
??????????? 0.818 ( 3)
??????? 0.814 ( 5)
??????????????? 0.813 ( 7)
?????????? 0.813 (▼ 2)
???? 0.812 ()
????????? 0.811 ( 8)
?????????? 0.810 ( 9)

?????????? 0.806 ( 5)
?????? ????????? 0.799 (▼ 8)
????????? 0.794 ( 5)
???????? 0.792 ()
???? ???????? 0.790 ( 13)
????????? 0.787 ( 9)
??????????? 0.779 ( 3)
??????????? 0.775 ( 6)
?????????? 0.771 ( 10)
??????? ???? 0.768 ( 2)

?????? ?????????? 0.766 ( 5)
??????????? 0.764 ( 9)
??????? 0.763 (▼ 8)
??????? 0.752 (▼ 1)
??????? 0.736 ( 11)
??????????? 0.733 ( 8)
???? ?????? 0.731 (▼ 15)
????????? 0.716 ( 7)
??????? 0.709 ( 11)
??????????? 0.700 ( 10)

??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????????. ???????:????????????, ?????????????, ???????, ????????, ???????????, ?????? ???? ???????, ???????, ??????, ??????, ???????, ????????? ??????? ?????????.

?????????? ??????????? ???????

?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????????. ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????????????^[2] ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????????.

?????????

?????

???????

?????????

?????? ?????? ???????????????? ???? (UNDP ???? ?????????????????????)

????? ???????? (????????) 0.868 (18 ???? ????? ?????????????).

???? ???????????? ???????? ??????? - 2009

???????? 5, 2009 ???, 2007 ??? ????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????????????? ?????.^[19] ???????:

?????? 0.938 ()
??????????? 0.970 ( 2)
????????? 0.969 (▼ 2)
???? 0.966 (▼ 1)
?????????? 0.965 ()
??????????? 0.964 ()
??????? 0.963 ()
???????? 0.961 ( 3)
??????????????? 0.960 ( 1)
??????? 0.960 (▼ 2)
??????????? 0.960 (▼ 2)
?????????? 0.959 ()
?????? ????????? 0.956 ( 2)

????????? 0.955 ()
??????????? 0.955 ( 1)
?????????? 0.955 (▼ 2)
????????? 0.953 ()
??????? 0.951 ( 1)
?????????????? 0.951 (▼ 1)
???????????? 0.950 ()
?????? ?????????? 0.947 ()
??????? 0.947 ()
??????????? 0.944 ( 1)
???????0.944 (▼ 1)
??????? ???? 0.942 ()
???? ?????? 0.937 ()

??????? 0.935 ( 1)
??????? 0.934 (▼ 1)
?????????? 0.929 ()
?????? 0.920 ()
?????? 0.916 ()
????????? 0.914 ()
??????? 0.910 ( 1)
??????????? 0.909 (▼ 1)
?????? ???? ??????? 0.903 ( 2)
???? ???????? 0.903 ()
????????? 0.903 ( 2)
???????? 0.902 (▼ 3)

???????? ????????????? ???????

??????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????, ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ?????????????????.

?????????

??????????

?????

???????

?????????

??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????

??????? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????????????????. ?????? 15 ?????????, ???? ????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????.

?????????????????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????, ????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????.

2018 (2017)– ??????
2016 (2015)– ??????
2015 (2014)– ??????
2014 (2013)– ??????
2013 (2012)– ??????
2011 (2011)– ??????
2010 (2010)– ??????
2009 (2007)– ??????
2008 (2006)– ????????? / ??????
2007 (2005)– ?????????
2006 (2004)– ??????
2005 (2003)– ??????
2004 (2002)– ??????
2003 (2001)– ??????
2002 (2000)– ??????
2001 (1999)– ??????
2000 (1998)– ????
1999 (1997)– ????
1998 (1995)– ????
1997 (1994)– ????
1996 (1993)– ????
1995 (1992)– ????
1994 (????)– ????
1993 (????)– ???????
1992 (1990)– ????
1991 (1990)– ???????
1990 (????)– ???????

???????????

↑ "Human Development Report 2019 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators"" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. pp. 22–25. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 "Human Developement Report 2010 - The Real Wealth of Nations:The Pathway to Human Developement" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.
↑ "The Human Development concept". UNDP. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
↑ "Inaugural Mahbub ul Haq-Amartya Sen Lecture, UNIGE". ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.
↑ Human Development Report 2019
↑ National Human Development Report Production Team
↑ "Latest Human Development Index to be released on 14 September 2018". United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 22 ????? 2019.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 ???? ??????: ??????? <ref> ??????????; UNDP2018 ??????? ??????? ???? ref ???????????????? ????????? ???????????????
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 ^9.5 ^9.6 ^9.7 "Human Development Report 2016—'Human Development for everyone'" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
↑ "Statistical Annex - HDR 2016" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.
↑ "Human Developement Report Lunch". ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 ^12.3 ^12.4 ^12.5 ^12.6 "Human Development Report 2015—'Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience'" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
↑ "HDR 2015-Statistical Annex" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.
↑ "HDR 2015 Luanch". ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 ^15.4 ^15.5 ^15.6 "Human Development Report 2014—'Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience'". HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
↑ "Human Development Report 2014". ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 "Human Development Report 2013:The Rise of the South, Human Progress in a Diverse World" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 ^18.3 "Human Development Report 2013: Sustainability and Equity, A Better Future for All" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.
↑ "Human Development Report 2009: Overcoming Barrieres, Human Mobility and development" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.

?????????? ???????

???? ??????????

???? ???????????? ???????? - ?????? ??? - 1 (???????)
???? ???????????? ???????? - ?????? ??? - 2 (???????)
???? ???????????? ???????? - ?????? ??? - 3 (???????)
World Rank - Human developement index
Human Development Report Office
2005 UN Human Development Index Report (PDF)
List of countries by HDI at NationMaster.com ????????????? 2025-08-04 at the ??????? ?????????

[UNDP2019-1] "Human Development Report 2019 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators"" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. pp. 22–25. Retrieved 9 December 2019.

[UNDP2010-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 "Human Developement Report 2010 - The Real Wealth of Nations:The Pathway to Human Developement" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.

[The_Human_Development_concept-3] "The Human Development concept". UNDP. Retrieved 7 April 2012.

[UNDP-Inauguarl-4] "Inaugural Mahbub ul Haq-Amartya Sen Lecture, UNIGE". ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.

[5] Human Development Report 2019

[6] National Human Development Report Production Team

[UNDP-7] "Latest Human Development Index to be released on 14 September 2018". United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 22 ????? 2019.

[UNDP2018-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 ???? ??????: ??????? <ref> ??????????; UNDP2018 ??????? ??????? ???? ref ???????????????? ????????? ???????????????

[UNDP2016-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 ^9.5 ^9.6 ^9.7 "Human Development Report 2016—'Human Development for everyone'" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

[HDR-2016-10] "Statistical Annex - HDR 2016" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.

[HDR-2016_Launch-11] "Human Developement Report Lunch". ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.

[UNDP2015-12] 12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 ^12.3 ^12.4 ^12.5 ^12.6 "Human Development Report 2015—'Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience'" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 14 December 2015.

[HDR-2015-13] "HDR 2015-Statistical Annex" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.

[HDR_2015_-Launch-14] "HDR 2015 Luanch". ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.

[UNDP2014-15] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 ^15.4 ^15.5 ^15.6 "Human Development Report 2014—'Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience'". HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 25 July 2014.

[HDR_-_2014-16] "Human Development Report 2014". ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.

[UNDP2013-17] 17.0 ^17.1 "Human Development Report 2013:The Rise of the South, Human Progress in a Diverse World" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.

[UNDP2011-18] 18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 ^18.3 "Human Development Report 2013: Sustainability and Equity, A Better Future for All" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.

[UNDP2009-19] "Human Development Report 2009: Overcoming Barrieres, Human Mobility and development" (PDF). ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. Retrieved ?????? 1, 2017.

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